Polycystic ovaries (PCOS): causes, symptoms, and treatment options

Polycystic ovaries (PCOS) are one of the most common hormonal disorders in women of reproductive age. It is estimated to affect one in ten women, and it often remains unrecognized due to its varied and sometimes very mild symptoms. Although the term “polycystic ovaries” may sound alarming, it is a condition that can be kept under control with proper diagnosis, monitoring, and individually tailored treatment.

Causes of PCOS: why does this disorder occur?

The exact cause of PCOS is still not fully understood, but it is known that three main factors play a role:

Hormonal imbalance

Women with PCOS often have elevated levels of androgens, male sex hormones. This can disrupt regular ovulation and cause cysts to appear on the ovaries.

Insulin resistance

Many women have insulin sensitivity issues, which can lead to elevated blood sugar, increased appetite, and easier weight gain. Insulin resistance and PCOS often go hand in hand.

Genetic predisposition

PCOS appears more frequently in families. If a mother or sister has PCOS, there is a greater likelihood that other women in the family will have it as well.

Symptoms of PCOS: what is most commonly noticed?

Symptoms can vary from woman to woman, but some of the most common are:

• Irregular menstruation or complete absence of the cycle
• Difficulties with ovulation, which can cause problems with conception
• Increased hair growth on the face, abdomen, or chest
• Acne and oily skin
• Increased hair loss on the scalp
• Weight gain, especially around the abdomen
• Fatigue and mood changes

Some women have very mild symptoms, so they only discover PCOS during an examination related to pregnancy planning.

Treatment options: an individual approach for the best results

Treatment for PCOS depends on the symptoms, whether you are planning a pregnancy, and your general health condition. The most common options include:

Hormonal therapy

Birth control pills or progesterone therapy can regulate the cycle, reduce acne and hair growth, and stabilize hormones.

Medications to stimulate ovulation

For women who want to become pregnant, medications such as clomiphene or letrozole are used. In more severe cases, assisted reproduction is also considered.

Lifestyle changes

Moderate physical activity, proper nutrition, and maintaining a healthy body weight can significantly reduce symptoms and improve hormonal balance.

Medications for insulin regulation

Metformin is often prescribed to women with insulin resistance in order to reduce metabolic problems and encourage regular ovulation.

The path toward balance

Although PCOS can be challenging, the good news is that with timely diagnosis and adequate treatment, most women are able to control symptoms and improve their quality of life. Every woman is unique, which is why it is important to seek expert evaluation and create a personalized therapy plan.

If you suspect PCOS or want a detailed gynecological examination, Drinković Polyclinic is at your disposal for expert support and counseling.

Book your gynecological examination.