Endometriosis: how to recognize the symptoms and what the treatment options are

Endometriosis is a chronic gynecological condition in which tissue similar to the uterine lining grows outside the uterus – most commonly on the ovaries, fallopian tubes, or in the pelvic area. This disorder can cause pain, irregular cycles, and difficulty conceiving, but it is also one of the most frequently misdiagnosed conditions in gynecology.

It is estimated to affect one in ten women of reproductive age, and many do not know for years that endometriosis is the reason for their symptoms. Below, we provide clear information about the symptoms and the most common therapeutic solutions.

How to recognize endometriosis?

Endometriosis can manifest in different ways, and the intensity of symptoms does not necessarily reflect the severity of the disease. Some women experience severe pain, while others have almost no symptoms at all.

The most common symptoms include:

• Painful menstruation (dysmenorrhea) – severe cramping pain that starts before menstruation and lasts for the first few days.
• Pain during intercourse (dyspareunia) – deep pain or discomfort, especially during deeper penetration.
• Chronic pelvic pain – occasional or constant, without a clear cause.
• Heavy or irregular bleeding – heavier menstrual flow or bleeding between cycles.
• Difficulty with conception – endometriosis is one of the most common causes of infertility in women.
• Pain during urination or bowel movements, especially during menstruation.
• Bloating, nausea, and digestive problems (so-called endo-belly).

If these symptoms recur for months and interfere with daily life, it is important to seek a professional evaluation.

How is endometriosis diagnosed?

The diagnostic process may include:

• gynecological examination
• ultrasound
• laboratory findings
• MRI in more complex cases
• laparoscopy (the gold standard for confirming the diagnosis)

Early diagnosis is key to relieving symptoms and preserving fertility.

What are the treatment options for endometriosis?

Treatment depends on the symptoms, life plans, and the woman’s health condition. As a rule, different approaches are combined to achieve the best possible long-term effect.

Hormonal therapy

Hormonal therapies reduce the growth of endometrial tissue and relieve pain. The most commonly used are:

• contraceptive pills
• progesterone therapies
• hormonal IUDs (e.g. levonorgestrel)

Pain relief medications

Nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) are used to relieve menstrual and pelvic pain.

Surgical treatment

In more severe cases or in women planning pregnancy, laparoscopic surgery can remove endometrial lesions and cysts (endometriomas). This is often the most effective way to reduce symptoms.

Supportive treatments and lifestyle changes

Many women are helped by:

• an anti-inflammatory diet
• light exercise
• stress reduction
• pelvic floor physiotherapy

These approaches do not treat endometriosis, but they can significantly improve quality of life.

The path toward relief

Endometriosis is a condition that can be challenging, but with proper diagnostics and individually tailored treatment, symptoms can be successfully controlled. If you suspect endometriosis or want a professional evaluation, the team at Drinković Polyclinic is at your disposal, with a professional approach, understanding, and personalized therapeutic recommendations.