Lower abdominal pain in women – causes and solutions

Lower abdominal pain in women is one of the most common symptoms for which women seek medical help. This unpleasant sensation can vary from mild cramps to intense pain that interferes with daily life. Understanding the possible causes and recognizing symptoms in a timely manner are key to proper treatment.

The most common causes of pain in the lower abdomen in women

1. Menstrual cramps (dysmenorrhea)

The most common cause of pain in the lower abdomen is menstrual cramps. They occur due to contractions of the uterus while the lining is being shed. The pain often radiates to the back and thighs, and may be accompanied by nausea or headache.

2. Gynecological problems

• Ovarian cysts: Cysts can cause sharp or dull pain in the lower abdomen.
• Endometriosis: This condition causes tissue similar to the endometrium to grow outside the uterus, leading to chronic pain and fertility problems.
• Pelvic inflammatory disease (PID): Infections of the uterus, fallopian tubes, and ovaries often cause pain and fever.

3. Digestive problems

• Irritable bowel syndrome (IBS): Lower abdominal pain may be accompanied by diarrhea or constipation.
• Gastrointestinal infections: These can occasionally cause acute pain, bloating, and nausea.

4. Pregnancy

Early pregnancy may cause cramps and tenderness in the lower abdomen. It is important to take a pregnancy test if there is any suspicion.

Symptoms that require urgent medical attention

Seek medical help immediately if pain is accompanied by:

• High fever
• Severe, sudden pain
• Bleeding outside of menstruation
• Vomiting or diarrhea with traces of blood
• Difficulty breathing or dizziness

How to relieve pain at home

• Warm compresses on the lower abdomen can reduce cramps.
• Light exercise and stretching help relax the muscles.
• Anti-inflammatory medications such as ibuprofen can relieve pain, but use them as directed.
• Hydration and a healthy diet reduce gastrointestinal problems.

Prevention and long-term solutions

Regular gynecological check-ups help with the early diagnosis of cysts, endometriosis, or infections. Tracking the menstrual cycle and keeping a symptom diary helps identify patterns of pain. If the pain is chronic, a doctor may recommend hormonal therapies, physiotherapy, or other forms of treatment.

Lower abdominal pain in women can have various causes – from menstrual cramps to serious health problems. Timely recognition of symptoms, regular check-ups, and proper self-care are key to preserving health. If the pain becomes intense or chronic, consulting a doctor is essential for an accurate diagnosis and treatment.

Author: Martin Drinković, dr. med.