Carpal tunnel syndrome – symptoms, causes, and when to seek medical help

Carpal tunnel syndrome is one of the most common nerve problems in the area of the hand and wrist. It most often affects people who repeat the same hand movements every day, such as working on a computer, using a mobile phone, or doing physical work. Although the symptoms may seem harmless at first, over time they can become very uncomfortable and affect everyday functioning.

Recognizing the first signs is important in order to start treatment in time and prevent the condition from worsening.

What is carpal tunnel syndrome?

The carpal tunnel is a narrow passage in the wrist area through which the median nerve (nervus medianus) passes together with the tendons that move the fingers. When pressure is placed on this nerve, symptoms known as carpal tunnel syndrome appear.

This pressure can occur due to tissue swelling, repetitive movements, or certain medical conditions.

Most common symptoms of carpal tunnel syndrome

Symptoms usually develop gradually and may worsen over time.

Tingling and numbness of the fingers
The most common sign of carpal tunnel syndrome is tingling or numbness in the thumb, index finger, middle finger, and part of the ring finger. This sensation often occurs during the night or after prolonged use of the hand.

Pain in the wrist and hand
The pain can spread from the wrist toward the fingers or even toward the forearm. In some cases pain becomes stronger during the night.

Weakness in the hand
People with this syndrome often notice weakness in the hand, which may cause objects to slip out of their hand.

A burning sensation in the fingers
In addition to tingling, an unpleasant burning or stinging sensation may also occur in the fingers.

Causes of carpal tunnel syndrome

There are several factors that can increase the risk of developing this syndrome:

• long-term computer work
• repetitive hand movements
• physical work that strains the wrist
• hormonal changes
• inflammatory painesti of the joints

The syndrome occurs more often in women and can also develop during pregnancy.

How is carpal tunnel syndrome diagnosed?

The diagnosis is made based on a clinical examination and a conversation with the patient about the symptoms. The doctor may perform simple tests that trigger symptoms of pressure on the nerve.

In some cases, additional tests are recommended such as:

• electromyoneurography (EMNG)
• nerve ultrasound
• radiological examinations of the wrist

The goal of diagnostics is to confirm pressure on the nerve and determine the degree of damage.

Treatment of carpal tunnel syndrome

Treatment depends on the severity of the symptoms and the duration of the complaints.

Conservative treatment
In the early stages, the following are often recommended:

• rest and reducing strain on the hand
• wrist braces
• physical therapy
• anti-inflammatory medications

Surgical treatment
If symptoms last for a longer period and do not respond to conservative methods, the doctor may recommend a surgical procedure that reduces pressure on the nerve.

When should you see a doctor?

If you notice frequent tingling in the fingers, pain in the wrist, or weakness in the hand, it is recommended to have an examination. Early treatment can prevent permanent nerve damage.

Conclusion

Carpal tunnel syndrome is a common problem that can significantly affect daily activities. Tingling in the fingers, pain in the wrist, and weakness in the hand are the most common signs of this condition. Timely diagnosis and treatment are key to successfully resolving the problem.

Book an appointment today and find out the cause of your complaints and begin appropriate treatment.

Author: Martin Drinković, dr. med.